Ofcom today confirmed how they will release important airwaves to help improve mobile broadband and support the rollout of 5G. Ofcom manages the UK’s airwaves – or spectrum – a finite resource that is essential for wireless services including mobile phones.
To help improve mobile services and give more people access to 5G networks, Ofcom will release more mobile airwaves through an auction. This will increase the total amount of airwaves available for mobile in the UK by nearly a fifth (18%).
The airwaves companies will bid for
The auction will involve companies bidding for spectrum in two different frequency bands.
The 700 MHz band. Ofcom are releasing 80 MHz of spectrum in the 700 MHz band, following a four-year programme to clear the band of its existing uses for digital terrestrial TV and wireless microphones. These airwaves are ideal for providing good-quality mobile coverage, both indoors and across very wide areas – including the countryside. Releasing these airwaves will also boost the capacity of today’s mobile networks – offering customers a more reliable service.
The 3.6-3.8 GHz band. Ofcom are releasing 120 MHz of spectrum in 3.6-3.8 GHz band. These important airwaves are part of the primary band for 5G and capable of carrying lots of data-hungry connections in concentrated areas. All four of the biggest mobile companies have launched 5G in the last year and releasing these airwaves will help increase the capacity and quality of mobile data services.
How the auction will work
Similar to the 2018 spectrum auction, this year’s auction will involve two stages. It will work like this:
- Principal stage. Companies first bid for airwaves in separate ‘lots’ to determine how much spectrum each company wins.
- Assignment stage. There is then a round of bidding to determine the specific frequencies that winning bidders will be allocated.
To give mobile operators the opportunity to create more continuous ‘blocks’ of 5G-ready spectrum, the assignment stage allows winners of 3.6-3.8 GHz spectrum to negotiate their placements within the band among themselves.
The spectrum would be made available for bids in the following lots:
- Six lots of 2×5 MHz (60 MHz in total) in the 700 MHz band with a reserve price of £100m per lot.
- Four lots of 5 MHz (20 MHz in total) of 700 MHz downlink-only spectrum, with a reserve price of £1m per lot.
- 24 lots of 5 MHz (120 MHz in total) of 3.6-3.8 GHz spectrum, with a reserve price of £20m per lot.
- As Ofcom are not planning to include coverage obligations anymore, the two spectrum lots that carried a proposed maximum discount each of between £300-400m will no longer apply.
To help maintain strong competition in the UK mobile market, Ofcom will impose a 37% cap on the overall spectrum that any one mobile company can hold following the auction.
The 37% cap on overall spectrum holdings has the effect of restricting existing mobile companies to acquiring the following amounts:
- BT/EE – 120 MHz
- H3G – 185 MHz
- Vodafone – 190 MHz
- Due to its current spectrum holdings, O2 will not be restricted by the cap
Improving mobile coverage
On 9 March, the Government reached agreement with the four mobile network operators – BT/EE, O2, Three and Vodafone – to set up a Shared Rural Network to improve mobile coverage across the UK. This involves each company committing to deliver good-quality 4G coverage to at least 90% of the UK over six years.
By mobile companies working together, supported by Government funding, the agreement will achieve higher coverage than Ofcom could have required under our powers, and so we will not include coverage obligations in our auction.
The four mobile network operators have agreed for Ofcom to vary their spectrum licences to give effect to the coverage commitments. We will also monitor, and report, on their progress in meeting the new commitments.
Philip Marnick, Spectrum Group Director at Ofcom, said:
“Demand for getting online, on the move is soaring, with mobile customers using nearly 40% more data year on year. So releasing these airwaves will bring a much-needed capacity boost – helping mobile customers get a better service.
“We’re also releasing more airwaves to help cement the UK’s place as a world leader in 5G.”
Next steps
Alongside the decisions on how the auction will work, Ofcom have finalised the Auction Regulations. Once the regulations have been made and come into force, we will invite applications from potential bidders for the auction. We will assess all applications, before publishing details of who has qualified to take part and when the principal stage will begin.
